Basic knowledge of boring machines

　　I. Functions and Main Working Range of Boring Machines

　　The main function of a boring machine is to bore various holes and hole systems on workpieces, especially suitable for processing multi-hole box-type parts. In addition, it can also process planes and grooves.

　　The main working range of boring machines includes:

　　(1) General processing such as drilling, enlarging holes, and reaming can be performed on a boring machine.

　　(2) Boring processing of various large and medium-sized parts' holes or hole systems.

　　(3) Milling processing of workpieces can be performed by installing a milling cutter disc or other milling cutters on the main spindle of the boring machine.

　　(4) On horizontal boring machines, large holes, large end faces, grooves, and some special boring processes such as threading can also be performed using a rotary table and other machine accessories.

　　II. Main Components of Horizontal Boring Machines

　　Horizontal boring machines mainly consist of a bed, spindle box, spindle assembly, worktable, and rear column with tailstock. The worktable assembly consists of three parts: lower slide, upper slide, and rotary worktable.

　　III. Several Lubrication Methods for Boring Machines

　　Boring machines have five lubrication methods: oil bath lubrication, oil pump circulation lubrication, splash lubrication, ball oil cup lubrication, and grease lubrication.

　　Parts of a horizontal boring machine that require lubrication once per shift include: rotary worktable bearings; main spindle feed screw bearings; operating handwheels; worktable drive nuts; and bed and slide guideways.

　　IV. Maintenance of Boring Machines

　　After 800 hours of cumulative operation, the boring machine needs to undergo first-level maintenance according to regulations.

　　The main contents of first-level maintenance include:

　　(1) External Maintenance

　　Mainly remove external dirt and rust from the machine, keep the transmission parts clean, and replenish and tighten handles and screws, etc.

　　(2) Maintenance of Spindle Box and Feed Gearbox Adjust V-belts and spindle box clamping rods; clean various oil filters and oil tanks; check the tightness of the balance weight steel wire rope; clean the rotary table slide plate and adjust the liners, etc.

　　(3) Maintenance of Worktable and Bed Guideways Clean the worktable, adjust the stop and liner clearances, and smooth burrs.

　　(4) Maintenance of Rear Column Clean the various rear bearing seats and screws, and adjust the liner clearances, etc.

　　(5) Maintenance of Lubrication System Clean oil lines, oil felt, and oil tanks; clean the cooling pump, oil filter, filter screen, and cooling tank; replenish oil cups.

　　(6) Maintenance of Electrical Parts Clean the electrical box and motor, keeping the electrical devices fixed, safe, and tidy.

　　V. Safety Regulations Boring Operators Must Follow

　　Boring operators must follow the following safety regulations:

　　(1) Before work, equipment and the workplace must be inspected to eliminate potential hazards.

　　(2) When boring, it is strictly forbidden to measure workpiece dimensions or use templates. Do not touch the machined surface with your hands, do not put your head close to the machining area, and do not take objects across the rotating boring bar.

　　(3) The screws of the rotary table tool holder must be tightened. Do not use your hands to stop the rotating boring bar and rotary table.

　　(4) When rotating the worktable, the boring bar must be retracted to avoid collision between the boring bar and the worktable, causing accidents.

　　(5) When more than two people operate one boring machine, they should cooperate closely to avoid accidents.

　　(6) Strictly implement the shift handover system.

　　(7) Implement the first-piece inspection system.

　　VI. What is Layout? Describe the Types and Functions of Layout.

　　According to the technical requirements of the drawings, the process of using layout tools to draw the outline of the parts to be processed or the points and lines used as reference points on the blank or workpiece is called layout.

　　Layout can be divided into plane layout and three-dimensional layout.

　　The functions of layout are:

　　(1) To provide a clear target for material removal during spatial processing of the workpiece.

　　(2) Through layout and material allowance (correction), positional deviations in the workpiece caused by casting can be corrected.

　　(3) Layout is equivalent to the initial inspection of castings and box-type parts, avoiding the discovery of defects and flaws after boring, thus preventing waste.